Dolutegravir is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) that blocks HIV-1 integration into host DNA. It offers a high genetic barrier to resistance, rapid viral load suppression, and minimal drug-drug interactions, making it a preferred first-line antiretroviral. Indicated for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection in adults, adolescents, and children in combination with other antiretroviral agents, across treatment-naïve, treatment-experienced, and INSTI-experienced populations.